Swaran Singh: the social environment of immigrants explains their high rates of psychosis

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Race is everywhere in British psychiatry. Responding to charges of institutional racism, politicians promise to make services more culturally sensitive. Black mental health groups argue for ethnically matched clinicians and special services for minorities. Yet, despite millions spent on equality initiatives, the number of black patients on psychiatric wards remains stubbornly high. Afro-Caribbeans are 44 per cent more likely than whites to be sectioned, 29 per cent more likely to be forcibly restrained, 50 per cent more likely to be placed in seclusion, and make up 30 per cent of inpatients on medium secure psychiatric wards.

To anti-racists this is a vivid illustration of the extent and entrenchment of institutional racism. In 2004, John Blofeld, a former high court judge, led an investigation into the death of black schizophrenic patient David Bennett at the Norvic clinic in