Comments

1. 

   tyronen

   February 21, 2013 at 11:10

   My son is in Year 2 and is struggling very hard with this. I've spent hours on it with him and my only conclusion is that he is just not ready for cursive. His fine motor skills aren't there yet. I decided to let him do all his homework in manuscript. I asked his teacher why they teach cursive so young - in Canada, students don't learn it until age 8. Her reply was that research showed children have better spelling if they use cursive. She did admit that after primary school handwriting simply isn't important anymore. Which jives with my own observations. My own cursive writing is terrible and writing neatly was a constant struggle in primary school, though I excelled in everything else. Today as a working professional, no one ever sees my handwriting, and no one knows how bad it is. Everything is typed.
2. 

   rationalbloke

   February 21, 2013 at 20:21

   Why do we get excited by trivia like this? We have a 26-letter alphabet which you can print, or form using 'joined-up' writing which ought to be easier and faster, that's its point. In Japan you would have to learn to write 2,500 different characters to get to the level of a tabloid newspaper and over 6,000 to get to the level of a broadsheet. And each character has one and only one right way of forming it. Our system is incredibly simple and children, at the time they need to learn these things, are little learning machines. The only interesting question is why have we all got our heads so far up our fundaments that we think there us anything difficult here? There really is no excuse for this panic. Learn to read. Learn to write. Learn to write joined-up. Then get on with learning the things to which these give you access.
3. 

   Philip Ball

   February 21, 2013 at 22:57

   tyronen, Thanks for that comment - you describe exactly the kind of teacher's response that drives me crazy. The fact that there is NO such convincing link between spelling and learning cursive is almost the least of the problems with it. Let's do the teacher the favour of supposing she really believes that such a link exists. Does she then seriously think that the reason to force kids to learn an entire other system of handwriting - at considerable evident cost in the case of your son, who is not unusual in this respect - is that otherwise they might experience significant difficulties with spelling? Of course not. What responses like this really represent is an attempt to make an inconvenient question go away. That just seems scandalous.
4. 

   Carlos Gershenson

   February 22, 2013 at 22:01

   Very interesting article. I wonder whether learning two alphabets (for reading and writing) could be compared to learning two (or more) languages. There is some research supporting that bilingual children are in general "smarter" than monolinguals. An analogous to physical activity: if you practice swimming AND running, you develop more muscles than if you only practice one of them. There might be cases of one getting in the way of the other, but I do not think it applies to alphabets.
5. 

   Geraldine Carter

   February 22, 2013 at 22:15

   There's a very practical reason why cursive writing matters. Some children cannot, for instance, ,remember/ find a 'beginning point for 'b', 'd', 'o' 'a' when printing. It's a crippling, yet avoidable, disability. Forming letters by starting on the line, quickly corrects this tendency to muddlement. . .
6. 

   Philip Ball

   February 24, 2013 at 22:31

   Geraldine, Sounds possible - but can you point me to the evidence? If it exists, Wallace and Graham don't seem to know about it... rationalbloke, "which ought to be easier and faster, that's its point" - but is it? Evidence? "Learn to read. Learn to write. Learn to write joined up. Then..." In the absence of any evidence that learning to write joined up helps with anything, this is as rational as saying "Learn to read. Learn to write. Learn to write upside down. Then..."
7. 

   Jimhaz

   February 25, 2013 at 04:41

   Print is way to slow.Manuscrip is way too slow. I would never have been able to take notes if I had to print everything. Cursive allows a kind of shorthand, that print style doesn’t. You might say “research supports you” but I have my doubts. Sometimes if I have to think of a words spelling, I’ll revert to print style for that word, then recommence cursive as it is much faster. I just googled the question and found that “The fastest way of writing, interestingly, was a combination of cursive and printing that joined some letters but left others unjoined”. Just what I do.
8. 

   Andrew Levin

   February 25, 2013 at 06:35

   cursive is technologically obsolete except as a computer font, there is in fact a high cost to the child to teaching something beyond its developmental age ! kids still seem to be coming out of school thinking using facebook is the acme of computer skills .................
9. 

   Jim Johnston

   February 25, 2013 at 07:46

   Philip Ball, let me ask you direclty: do you maintain that once well learned, cursive has no speed advantage? If this is your belief, do you have evidence the rest of us could be persuaded by? My only evidence is from my own behavior. When I want no possibility of being misunderstood, and I have plenty of time, I print--slowly. In all other cases, I use cursive. I write many pages a week of cursive, mostly for my own reference. I'm quite confident it would slow me down greatly to abandon cursive. I always can read my own writing. I actually think that if I attempted to write non-cursive very quickly, it could become less legible than my cursive, and still be slower than my cursive. Cursive is quite optimized for a balance of speed and legibility, i think. Do you really think otherwise? Convince me, please.
10. 

    Aksel J.

    February 25, 2013 at 09:46

    Lots of interesting points. I learned to write in Luxembourg, where we went straight to cursive. Didn't learn to mimic printed letters at all. In fifth grade, having moved moved to the states, I had to teach myself a manuscript style script, which became a cartoony hybrid. Anyway, cursive has generally been the short-hand version of whatever was the formal hand; and then THAT became the new formal: Roman capitals to Roman rustic to Uncials to Half Uncials etc. and lots of even shorter hands alongside. Cursive just means "running," after all, just like we join our "printed" letters together when we write fast. So it's funny that cursive is now considered more elegant; in calligraphy, the more pen lifts a hand (script) demands, the more formal (and elegant) it's considered. Since I have no reliable research references to contribute today, this is all just anecdotal. I found it exhilarating to learn to write different ways, it feels like it's wiring my brain differently, like growing up bilingual. In adult years, having practiced calligraphy has actually made it easier to READ different hand writing too, presumably because you learn to appreciate that letters can be formed all sorts of ways. OK, so maybe it's just enriching and not strictly useful to learn to write two ways, and maybe that's not a good argument for making everyone do it. I agree that cursive writing tends to be sloppy today, but I'm not sure the complaint about illegible signatures has a point; people's signatures can be very different from their written-out cursive.
11. 

    Louis Candell

    February 25, 2013 at 11:06

    In my opinion, there's little sadder than college graduates being unable to produce anything more with pen and paper than what appears to be the printing of a typical first grade student. In spite of what the author states, a truly educated person should be capable of producing more than infantile block letters which are taught, by the way, to the very young so they might learn the alphabet and develop fine motor skills. Such training is not meant primarily to teach writing any more than using a keyboard teaches handwriting. Legible cursive writing, like legible printing, demands that the writer take the time to produce legible characters. If one must produce a printed document in a hurry, then learn to type and use a keyboard.
12. 

    Sophie Aimer

    February 25, 2013 at 11:20

    perhaps for the simple reason that you instil in the children the possibility and equality of dual/multiple systems? developing their ability to accept different sets of norms?
13. 

    Andrew

    February 25, 2013 at 11:27

    While not directly connected with children learning to write in manuscript and cursive, I relate the following observation of our 8 year daughter. We live in Spain, where she is going to a French school, and being educated per the French curriculum with native French teachers. At home, she has a Spanish born and raised mother, and myself, an English born and raised Englishman. I would have imagined that her writing style would be uniform across French, Spanish and English, but now see that each of these three languages has, for her writing, a distinct style, that fits a 'stereotype' for the written word of these three different countries. Another personal observation, perhaps prejudiced, is that those from the USA have a very distinct style, usually illegible.
14. 

    Marlon

    February 25, 2013 at 12:12

    I've always avoided cursive writing because I'm so bad at it. I have two printing styles though, a blazing fast print style for notes to self or others and a very neat, legible style that I learned as a pre-CAD draftsman. A reason to stop teaching cursive that no one has mentioned is the time spent teaching it. Maybe that time would be better spent teaching other skills, such as critical thinking.
15. 

    Besitz Belastet

    February 25, 2013 at 13:06

    The supposition that most cursive handwriting is "abysmal" is no more empirical than cursive writing being "easier and faster", to which the author apparently objects. I like to think that my handwriting is strongly influenced by the Victorian copperplate style; the assertion that "no one writes like that any more" is also conjecture. So why should we care? Because writing in this way is a recognition of our aesthetic heritage; many may not be able to master it, but neither can many east Asians master Chinese calligraphy. Let's celebrate it, regardless.
16. 

    Elle Martini

    February 25, 2013 at 13:24

    Children learn to read “typed” script in books. This is a really a third form that should be considered, and actually makes a good argument for being fluent in the different kinds of script: print, cursive, and typed (consider the many different fonts these days). Young students become familiar with the variations in each, which enables them to read a sentence printed many different ways with ease. Maybe what we could do is skip the basic print we teach, and instead teach them to write the cursive letters, but not join them right away (they really lack the coordination). But we should teach cursive; people’s handwriting evolves into something that suits them, which is usually a combination of both. As long as it is consistent, it becomes their “signature.”
17. 

    ;lj;lkj

    February 25, 2013 at 13:41

    How about we teach them how to type? Amazing how many school districts don't teach that anymore. What are they crazy? With the computer it's the centerpiece of communication? They should be learning typing early! Like what do you need script for anymore besides your signature?
18. 

    Chris

    February 25, 2013 at 14:16

    In the service we were required to keep our log books in printed form. Absolutely no cursive allowed. (The ink must be black, no other color) The military must have a reason for that. The reason of course is legibility. Once one learns to print routinely, one becomes very fast doing it. I may have written a few letters in cursive in my day but today's kids are going to text each other on their phones. There used to be a minimum requirement for a typist of 50 wpm. That wasn't good, just the minimum. Now any 5th grader can type 50 wpm using only her thumbs. It's time to face facts; cursive never really made much sense, and in today's world it makes even less. Stick a fork in it.
19. 

    Len

    February 25, 2013 at 14:30

    Actually, I believe that there is evidence that cursive does have advantages over printing in terms of the various parts of the brain which are used. I believe this article may gives some indication of this and may point the other places with the scientific studies. http://www.helium.com/items/1697736-cursive-handwriting My own experience has been that while both my printed and cursive are equally legible to me and others (thanks to the Nuns at St Patrick Grade School). I generally write and take notes using cursive and use printing withing my cursive to lend emphasis to certain point. When I write in cursive I think more in terms of ideas while printing I think in words. I can also touch type but while typing I don't really think at all but just transcribe the letters and word from paper to keyboard. Just my experience and 2 cents.
20. 

    Besitz Belastet

    February 25, 2013 at 15:12

    So if in in today's world we have "WTF", "gr8" and "OMG", does it folllow that mean we should stick a fork into words written out in full, profanity aside? Txt language is very much part of today's writing ecosystem, but it doesn't replace complete expressions and sentences. Everything that has happened since Gutenberg, culminating in today's instant electronic communication, has undoubtedly allowed for incredible efficiency in how we debate and exchange views - we certaintly wouldn't be able to engage with each other on the pros and cons of cursive script in the manner we are now. The printed form provides a level-playing field, but handwriting is how it began and a handwritten letter from someone close to you is much more intimate than the printed word ever could be. It seems we are debating something without having a frame of reference: just what exactly is our objective? If we agree with the educational discourse that increasingly focuses just on what makes us economically productive, then fine, let's do away with cursive script, and with that minority or any foreign language and anything else that seems to have no intrinsic worth.
21. 

    Jim

    February 25, 2013 at 15:47

    You want a reason? The reason both methods are taught is because young children don't have the fine motor skills required for cursive. We teach them block letters because they are easier to master when they mainly have gross motor skills. Then, at the appropriate time, we begin teaching them (and here's the money quote) FINE MOTOR SKILLS, which is important to development. The vehicle through which we teach fine motor skills is cursive handwriting, which is a worthy pursuit in and of itself, because it teaches us to create something externally beautiful that is also intrinsically beautiful...written human language. I know this won't make much sense to those who think science has to explain everything; oh well. We are human beings. We create things of beauty. And the violin analogy broke down immediately because you could as easily have said that cursive lettering is akin to playing multiple notes on a single bow stroke in third hand position, where block lettering is akin to learning "mississippi hotdog" in the middle of the bow.
22. 

    Muggins

    February 25, 2013 at 16:31

    This topic is similar to teaching children to tell time by an analog clock, when we live in the digital age. Children can handle the challenge of learning cursive. It's not that taxing or time consuming. A more important question is, why don't we teach young children a 2nd language starting in grade one?
23. 

    Philip Ball

    February 25, 2013 at 16:52

    First, whether I agree with the comments here or not, I am mighty glad that there is a debate happening here. It’s overdue, I think – so thank you all for engaging. Second, I figure I need to put myself on the line here. A few of the comments have expressed doubt/incredulity that print could be as fast as cursive. This is of course hard to test anecdotally, since we all get as fast as we can with whatever style we acquire (and most are forced to acquire cursive). I might claim to be something of an exception since, as I mentioned, I skipped the school years in which cursive was taught. My rapid note-writing is now a mix of print-like and ad hoc “joined up” (it can’t be dignified as cursive), and is as fast as anyone else’s, at the cost of no additional effort. I will post a sample on my blog site (http://philipball.blogspot.co.uk/), since I can’t stick it here. Make up your own minds – I certainly don’t claim it is beautiful, but it seems serviceable and legible without my having been put through the grinder of having to relearn how to write. In other words, if we want speed and legibility, we don’t need that imposition – it’ll happen anyway. Perhaps more relevant than any of this is the fact that I have found no definitive study which shows any significant speed or legibility advantage for cursive over print. I think Jimhaz is right that a mixture of both seems to work well. That doesn’t need to be taught – indeed, it’s not clear that it can be. I submit also to your judgement as to whether my handwriting is, as Louis Candell puts it, “infantile block letters”. If my writing marks me out as not “a truly educated person”, so be it. But if the horrible cursive that many people end up (as they will testify themselves – Marlon, I sympathize) is a sign of “true education”, I’m not too worried.
24. 

    Stephanie

    February 25, 2013 at 16:53

    I reject the notion that teaching children to write in two different forms is somehow overtaxing or creating unnecessary challenges. I distinctly remember learning to write cursive in 3rd grade (I'm 23 now). The fact that cursive letters look so much like the same letters in manuscript meant that it wasn't difficult to pick up at all. I remember being frustrated that we were asked to repeat writing the same letter so many times when once or twice would have sufficed. This argument reminds me of an argument in another article I read recently. That writer said that to teach children about people who are transgender would be to create unnecessary challenges for them. Why complicate matters by telling our children that not everyone is like them, is the question the author is essentially asking. The analogy here is far from perfect. My point in bringing it up is to illustrate that we should not treat children like fragile dolls. They can handle a hell of a lot more than adults give them credit for. Even learning to write in two different ways.
25. 

    Bob Bell

    February 25, 2013 at 17:02

    I am 59 years old. I learned cursive when I was about 7 or 8. It's very useful for signing my name to legal documents. I don't know how I'd sign my name if I hadn't learned cursive. Other than that, I haven't used it since 9th grade.
26. 

    Tom

    February 25, 2013 at 18:38

    As far as cursive = better spelling, I can't imagine that that's true (why would it be), but it does seem likely that teachers would have a more difficult time discerning whether a word was misspelled or whether it just looked like it might be right. However, the reason for learning cursive is that when we put the quill to paper, it is much more likely to result in an inkblot, so individually formed characters means a page full of ink spots. On the other hand, if we use cursive, not only are we introducing the nib to paper less often, but when we do have an ink spot, we then draw out the ink by moving quill through the blot onto the next letter. As long as we continue to primarily use quill and ink pot we need to use cursive writing. Now if someone were to come up with some other writing tools, like pencil, felt tip, or ball point pen we could do without it.
27. 

    Neko

    February 25, 2013 at 19:05

    It might be interesting to note that a debate about this is going on in Germany, with some of the "Bundesländer" counties set to abandon the teaching of cursive while others are sticking with the traditional dual system. Apparently the new method is to consist of teaching "print" letters with additional lessons on how to join these up when writing for speed. In a few years this could provide a nice large-scala data set to analyse.
28. 

    Neko

    February 25, 2013 at 19:05

    It might be interesting to note that a debate about this is going on in Germany, with some of the "Bundesländer" counties set to abandon the teaching of cursive while others are sticking with the traditional dual system. Apparently the new method is to consist of teaching "print" letters with additional lessons on how to join these up when writing for speed. In a few years this could provide a nice large-scale data set to analyse.
29. 

    Kitty Florey

    February 25, 2013 at 20:24

    I'd like to draw your attention to my book Script & Scribble: The Rise and Fall of Handwriting, which makes a strong case for teaching children (and adults!) Italic script -- a sort of compromise between printing and cursive. Some letters are joined up, some not;- it's all up to the writer . And the script produced is legible, attractive (based on a 16th-century model), and easy to master. I recommend the Getty-Dubay system for learning Italic -- a quick Google will find their website easily. The need for quick, reliable, legible handwriting isn't going to go away.
30. 

    HDoug

    February 25, 2013 at 20:36

    As a split-the-difference compromise maybe we should be teaching kids italic, the modernized form of Italian Humanistic cursive. The letter forms are very much like the print forms kids start off with and it becomes a cursive by joining those letters as one wishes. It may not be quite as speedy as curlicued roundhand cursive at its speediest, but the letter forms are very similar to type fonts (many of which are based on Humanistic letter forms to begin with) and are easy to read as a bonus. The question of how much handwriting we need to learn in this keyboard world is a separate question with different controversies, but I think we would be doing our children a favor if we taught them how to express themselves in writing without over dependence on devices.
31. 

    Alan

    February 25, 2013 at 20:46

    Cursive script probably originated in a time when paper was relatively expensive and each application or removal of the pen - or quill - ran the risk of forming an ink blot. Joined up writing reduces the number of such events. Pencils and ball-point pens came much later, by which time cursive was firmly established. In my own case at school all submitted work had to be in ink, and the writing legible.Taking classical Greek reintroduced me to separate letters,and thereafter I used mostly separate letters when writing for someone else to read e.g. my secretary,and kept my scribble to myself. But how I wish I had been taught to type!
32. 

    Joe Orbachov

    February 25, 2013 at 21:28

    Well, this is an interesting debate. I have one reason to learn cursive that I haven't noticed being raised in the above comments, or in the article. That is, *people do use it.* I remember when my younger brother had no knowledge of cursive, and could not read a handwritten letter that had arrived from Grandmother. A school system that did not teach the traditional system of handwriting—which everyone is bound to encounter now and then, even in the age of twitter and digital everything—would be deficient, no? I should declaim that I personally have always been fascinated by writing systems of all kinds, and when I was taught cursive, I immediately wanted to know where it came from, and that lead to finding out the origins of our alphabet, and I ended up learning the greek alphabet, and then the cyrillic, and then the korean, and so on. They all have conventions for handwriting, separate from printing. I am still fascinated by conventions of handwriting especially in this digital age, where they are not as irrelevant as they might seem in a rash glance. Why are these conventions important? Because without conventions, it would be even harder to read a doctor's handwritten prescription; if one had no idea what stroke direction and order were expected by convention in a chinese character, rapidly written characters would be completely illegible, or at least much harder to guess. The same is true in our orthography. I struggle to read the rapid writing of people who use their own idiosyncratic system of "joining up", rather than the conventional one, if it differs drastically, because I just don't know what I am to expect for the letter-shapes. If we wanted, we could surely design a writing system that was much more intuitive, much less easy to misread, and simpler to write (what about eliminating the system of majuscules and minuscules, for a start). But it wouldn't be very useful if that new system were all that were taught in school, because how could one read a letter one received from Grandmother, who writes in old-style cursive?
33. 

    charlotte

    February 25, 2013 at 22:11

    Children need to be taught from the start to write the letters of the alphabet with rudimentary "tails" So the letter "a" would be written with an oval and then the down stroke forming a little tail curving up to the left.That helps for an easy transition to cursive. All letters can be taught like this from scratch. There's nothing wrong with cursive. An adult who can only print often has immature looking handwriting. I think the problem is that we force our children to school at ages 4 and 5. THAT IS WRONG. Finland 's children start school at 7 and are top in all the OECD league tables for everything. This business of starting children at school so early and then forcing them to write in a certain way before their fine motor skills are developed, is wrong. WE are robbing them of their childhood. Let them have fun drawing circles, loops, lines and patterns and then learn to keep these on a line. THEN learn the letters.Some children will however be able to learn writing their alphabet earlier. Also how many four or five year olds actually KNOW their ABCs? There you are. We're trying to teach them to run before they can walk and thus setting them up for failure. of course handwriting may become obsolete with widespread computer use. I shudder to think what would happen if there were a total EMP blackout in the world.... We wouldn't be able to communicate!
34. 

    Nan Jay Barchowsky

    February 25, 2013 at 23:24

    Thank you for this article! Please shout it from the roof tops.
35. 

    luke

    February 26, 2013 at 00:38

    My own story. I had horrible hand-writing all through my school years. I didn't care. I noticed that a subset of the girls at my school took to the 'joined-up' writing in a big way, and eventually took great pride in their beautiful cursive script. So nice writing was for girls. Eventually, as an adult professional, I started to take a lot of notes. My personal aesthetic sense was horrified by my wobbly scrawl. Like wearing a bugs bunny tie. I took to printing everything in caps - now *that's* slow - which was an improvement. I eventually taught myself to write cursively again (thanks, youtube), and now everyone says 'gee I wish I had nice writing like yours,' as if it were an attribute like height or eye-colour. They also say 'hey can you write names and addresses for our wedding invites?' Sure, I say.
36. 

    Barb

    February 26, 2013 at 03:34

    I have been a specialist reading and writing teacher for most of my life. If children learn to write using printscript which is very similar to print in books this form of writing is perfectly adequate for them to use for the rest of their lives. That is if they have learnt to form the letters correctly therefore making their writing legible and easy to write quickly. I think that cursive writing could be a choice for older children. The 'link' between cursive writing and spelling evades me completely. In my opinion they are two totally different skills and the only link they have is that spelling uses letters whether they are printscript or cursive.
37. 

    Ford

    February 26, 2013 at 04:21

    I gave up cursive in high school (when submitted work was still handwritten) because what I produced was ugly, painful to read and painful to write. My printing is now quite rapid, not ugly to look at, and, crucially, easy to read. Does keeping the pen pressed to the paper between letters (still raised for i's, t's, punctuation and spaces) really confer such a time saving?
38. 

    Thomas Root

    February 26, 2013 at 05:02

    Maybe we should teach them to write cursive so that they can read cursive, and so read the handwritten documents of their parents, grandparents, and culture. Why orphan them? If you cannot read the handwriting of previous generations, are you really literate?
39. 

    Don Phillipson

    February 26, 2013 at 18:59

    " Learning to write isn’t easy. It would make sense, then, to keep it as simple as possible." Similarly, riding a bicycle is not easy -- but is this a reason not even to try? The point is that riding a bike is liberating, in a way cursive handwriting is also liberating, and an elegant hand is worth the effort, in the opinions of those who have acquired one. (The opinions of those who cannot is not worth counting, any more than opinions about bicycles by people who cannot ride one.) One of my books reproduces the autograph book of the D'Oyly Carte company, with signatures of about 30 singer/actors who joined Gilbert and Sullivan between 1878 and 1901. Every one has a legible and stylish signature, perhaps at that data a minor professional asset. None signed with the childish letters or illegible scrawl common among eminent people's signatures today.
40. 

    Suzanne

    February 26, 2013 at 19:02

    I know why people were taught to write in cursive - the answer is simple. Before ball-point pens everyone used quills or later on pens that held the ink but had nibs. Because of that it was much easier to form words without lifting or segmenting the letters. I do agree that cursive is probably antiquated (much like black-lettering) but there is something to be said about having that additional training and influencing children's choices. I am an artist and have studied type but before that when I was little and learning cursive; the lessons inspired me to look further into it and I then discovered Black-lettering, Illumination and other forms of type that previously I had never known. I think that it shouldn't be required that children use cursive but should be taught how to write in this manner and how to read it. Otherwise, how are they going to read that fancy wedding invitation?
41. 

    Bob

    February 26, 2013 at 20:19

    As others have pointed out, the author of this piece is ignoring an important advantage of cursive writing: speed. I am in my 20s and almost always write in cursive because -- newsflash! -- it allows me to write much more quickly. Why he wishes to deny people a more efficient form of writing is beyond me.
42. 

    Leigh

    February 26, 2013 at 22:03

    As another posted: “The fastest way of writing, interestingly, was a combination of cursive and printing that joined some letters but left others unjoined”. It's the combo that works best for me. Can't imagine block printing something lengthy - the constant "breaks" stop the flow - particularly of thought. But combining the two so that the pen doesn't constantly leave the page is the way to go and can be very distinctive. And, like driving a clutch, cursive can be something to brag about - becoming a lost art. (Never know when it'll come in handy, too - like being able to read the Declaration of Independence.)
43. 

    Janet

    February 26, 2013 at 23:50

    Last summer there was an article in The Chicago Tribune "Why handwriting Matters". The many health perks of good handwriting Not only does it help the brain develop, it can also improve grades and confidence June 15, 2011|By Julie Deardorff, Tribune Newspapers - See more at: http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2011-06-15/health/sc-health-0615-child-health-handwriti20110615_1_handwriting-virginia-berninger-brain-activation#sthash.Ce5upEx0.dpuf As a teacher of calligraphy, I strongly advise that parents find someone who can teach their child italic handwriting which is closer to printing and is the method taught in Europe.
44. 

    modalursine

    February 27, 2013 at 03:51

    I'll give another vote to mixed style, some legtters joined, some not, some in manuscript form, some in cursive form, as the quickest. But if you want to teach kids to write quiclly, theach them a shorthand such as "T Line". The real reason to teach cursive writing is precisely because it does take time and effort. You can't "fake" having had the sort of education that teaches good cursive handwriting, so having good cursirve handwriting becomes a mark and advertisement of said education. It is a class (no pun) marker. It separates the educated from the rubes. That's why one of the earlier comments mentioned the teacher who characterised manuscript as "baby" writing. From a strictly logical point of view it is a circular argument, but socially its spot on. As long as status distinctions are the main thing, we need to have cursive writing. Cursive is well suited to that purpose and to no other practical or aesthetic. Certain forms of caligraphy are at least as beautiful as ordinary cursive, I would say more so, without being truly "joined", i.e. without being itself a cursive form. So much of beauty and for "fine motor control"..
45. 

    Gail

    February 27, 2013 at 05:48

    I had a strange introduction to cursive writing. When I started kindergarten (in Australia at age 5- a great many years ago) I could write my name, draw a passable map of Australia, and write the letters of the alphabet all joined. Teachers found this quite extraordinary. It came about through a simple tin tray my father had made. Dye-stamped into the tray was the alphabet, my name, the map and numbers one to ten. You put your pencil in the shallow groove and followed it around. This was a long time ago, we didn't yet have television and I would spend hours with my pencil and the tin tray. I can't remember how I made the transition to writing on paper but I don't recall any real difficulty. My little tray was fun - best way to learn anything!
46. 

    Sam

    February 27, 2013 at 18:39

    Handwriting is extremely important in the business world. I look at people's handwriting constantly and, tend to judge people on it.... sorry, but it's true. I wish schools would spend more time on handwriting. As for the cursive or printing debate... that is a preference and a natural decision everyone will make. There is strict printers, beautiful calligraphists, or a hybrid like mine. Learning cursive helps develop fine motor skills and will make printing more legible in the long run because it gets the mind in the pen. Getting rid of something because it's hard? Really? If that's what the argument is then I am pretty scared for the future of our kids. Time to grow up, people, and stop writing like we are still in second grade.
47. 

    Dave Pickett

    February 27, 2013 at 19:36

    I had an interesting discussion on Facebook about this article. Several of my friends pointed out that the majority of historical documents in English are written in cursive, so teaching cursive is important for deciphering them.
48. 

    Philip Ball

    February 27, 2013 at 22:17

    Thank you Janet for your generous assessment. The truth is, however, that I never stopped joining up letters because I never started - I was never really taught cursive. I am enjoying this debate, and am interested to see how opinion seems to be falling on the side of hybrid/italic styles. I came across several pieces of research which suggested that this is probably the optimal style. But just to reiterate: the main issue seems to be that it doesn't much matter which style you're taught, as long as the teaching sticks with just a single one. (I still suspect, however, that there is some value in not having the written letters deviate too much from those children learn to read.) I just want to clarify one thing: the argument is most certainly not that we should stop teaching cursive because it is too hard. Rather, there seems to be no justification for teaching children to write in two different ways. Sure, they'll mostly manage, as experience shows. But I want a better justification for teaching my children print AND cursive than simply that they'll be able to manage both eventually. There is no end of things we could in principle teach our children without overtaxing their brains - to speak Sasak, to play the nose flute, you name it. But there must surely be a positive reason to do so - especially when so much time is devoted to it. And I suspect that reason needs to be rather stronger than that it will enable children to read their grandparents' letters.
49. 

    nietky

    February 27, 2013 at 23:02

    Replace cursive with touch typing. The large number of non-touch-typists (including me) out there should be a cause for public concern, given that many people suffering RSI induced by less efficient forms of typing are likely to be less productive. And for no reason other than a lack of training.
50. 

    Catherine

    February 28, 2013 at 17:04

    Proper cursive where you do not lift your pen from the page at any point is a fast and cheap aid to spelling as you use the motor and spatial part of your brain to remember the word shape as well as the linguistic part of your brain to deal with the phonics. The sooner it is taught the better - the later you learn it the less help it is. There is a strong argument that cursive writing is literacy and printing is graphic design. It is nothing to do with what it looks like but the fact that cursive writing in the flow and the speed aids both spelling and thinking. You talk about teachers as they are evil beings who just think up nasty ways to make children work for no reason. Why would they?? But it is not just teachers (and what do they know, they just work with kids all day) that support cursive. The British Dyslexia Association recommend cursive too http://www.bdadyslexia.org.uk/about-dyslexia/parents/help-with-handwriting.html . It is not just in Britain either. A quick web search showed me that Texan schools are recommend cursive too http://www.cleburnetimesreview.com/local/x640620454/Write-or-wrong - that's just one example - I found lots. In answer to the either / or ... in Hillingdon in the 1990s all five year olds were taught cursive from the start. Printing was only covered in art lessons as part of graphic design. That's one solution but parents weren't very supportive I believe. As a dyslexic I use cursive as it helps me. As an English teacher (for five years 1995-2001 - now a bookseller) I preferred my students to use cursive. As a parent I want my daughter to use it. Why would I do that if there was all this evidence to the contrary (none of which you actively reference - you quote an opinion from a academic that dismisses reach but does not quote any of his own, and you make delightful use of dismissive language 'unearthed', 'dusty', 'tenuous', but again no support). Anyone looking for a good well referenced over view might want to read How to Detect and Manage Dyslexia: A Reference and Resource Manual By Philomena Ott which quotes research from over three decades (including Cruickshank 1961, Bannatyne 1968, Hickey 1977, Phelps and Stemple 1987, Cox 1992, etc -all later than US survey from 1960 that you quote), on the effectiveness of continuous cursive provided it is taught properly and early. What is really sad is not that all teachers push cursive on poor unsuspecting kids and their misinformed parents, but that actually not all schools offer cursive even now, though the evidence is very strong in it favour.
51. 

    Alberto

    February 28, 2013 at 18:57

    I think cursive is important and am happy the school is teaching it. I do think boys are slower at it than girls. My cursive writing is something I am proud of, my mother stressed it as well. My daughters are very into cursive, being 3rd and 4th graders. But I switched to script in college as my then girlfriend was an architecture student and their style of script, to me, was and is amazing. Now people comment on my "weird" script. My kids have hounded me on it so much that I have slowly started going back to cursive.
52. 

    Ophelia Stimpson

    February 28, 2013 at 19:23

    I'm not sure I agree. The teaching of cursive handwriting is a symptom of the written exam system and not a questions of aesthetics. I am a student, and to print my handwriting during exams would waste valuable time; I even have friends who print their handwriting normally and then switch to cursive in these situations. Children might struggle to learn 2 modes of handwriting but their minds are like sponges - a restriction on what we teach them makes no sense, because their learning has never been a question of managing but of mental expansion. Surely typographical adaptability develops their visual/spatial intelligence?
53. 

    Philip Ball

    February 28, 2013 at 21:47

    Catherine, Thank you for these comments, which at last cite some evidence to get to grips with. I will check out the book you cite, and associated references. I had references in my original text, but Prospect doesn’t carry such things (most magazines would not). The people I consulted have explained their own positions in, e.g. S. Graham et al., J. Educ. Res. 91(5), 290 (1998) and R. R. Wallace & J. H. Schomer, Education 114(3) (1994). No, I really don’t believe teachers are evil beings who think up nasty things to foist on their pupils. They have a tremendously difficult job, and many do it brilliantly. But given that the primary recommendation of the British Dyslexia Association site that you cite is the same as the one in my article – that children should be taught only a single handwriting style – don’t you think it is reasonable to ask why most schools, at least in the UK, ignore this recommendation? As the BDA says, “For children with dyslexia, learning two styles of handwriting can add an extra layer of difficulty and cause confusion.” That’s precisely my point. The issue of whether the preferred style should be cursive or not is secondary to this issue. If cursive helps dyslexics, that does seem a good reason to consider it as the choice of which style to single out. But even if that is true, the corollary is not obvious. Without wishing to seem insensitive to the challenges of dyslexia, do schools gear their mathematical teaching methods for all children to systems that help those with specific cognitive difficulties in numeracy? If all else was equal, then certainly this could tip the balance – but as the comments above indicate, some learners struggle with cursive in ways that they don’t with print. So how do we find the right priorities? Furthermore, if the advantage for dyslexia are recognized as THE reason to teach cursive, why don’t all teachers seem to know that? Why do they seemingly come up with a random selection of other justifications? (In other words, while you say that teachers support cursive, they don’t seem to agree on why.) And why then is cursive still awarded this aura of sophistication and grown-upness, as even the Texan teacher in the article you cite admits? You say “There is a strong argument that cursive writing is literacy and printing is graphic design.” To me that sounds merely like a strong prejudice. And do we really know that cursive helps with dyslexia? It seems to in your case, and I’m prepared to believe there is hard evidence of that being generally true. But the BDA site does not (understandably) give it. It simply lists, without evidence, several of the standard arguments. Number 4 in the list – that cursive helps with speed and spelling – seems to be without foundation, which makes you wonder about the others. (Number 3 – the clearer distinction between upper and lower case – escapes me.) So we’re not really any further along on that basis. Finally, aren’t you bring just a little disingenuous in citing the Texas article as supporting the case for cursive when it begins by pointing out that Texas is one of only five US states that haven’t abandoned cursive. To use your reasoning, would 45 states have got rid of it if there were such compelling reasons not to do so?
54. 

    Catherine

    February 28, 2013 at 23:48

    You're right in saying there is an inconsistency amongst what teachers know, and the reasons they give. The front line here are primary teachers who are by necessity Jacks of all trades - what the teachers teach, and how, will depend on the knowledge and experience of the subject co-ordinator (literacy in this case) and you get good and bad literacy co-ordinators. They in turn have the their head teachers knowledge and prejudices to deal with, and the local educational advisers (a fast disappearing service) behind them. As to whether the style for all should be determined by dyslexics - we're not just talking about the hard cases of multi-faceted learning difficulty - many children have problems spelling. Many dyslexics (especially at the milder end of the spectrum) are diagnosed late. I was taught cursive when I was 7 fortunately for me. I was not formally diagnosed as dyslexic till I was in the 6th form. It would have been no help to me then. Despite problems with my written language I did get to university (eventually - lots of A level resits) and did read English. Cursive is not the only reason I managed that, but I am convinced it helped. I should also add that the current style of teaching numeracy (that baffles so many parents - number lines and no more carrying the tens) is based on resolving the problems of a sizeable minority who can't crack place theory in addition and subtraction - so there is a precedent for this route. My handwriting is appalling to look at by the way, a lot less attractive than yours - I support cursive not because I think it looks nice (it can but you're either neat or you're not), but because I think it works. Interesting article though - and it is nice to see handwriting being discussed.
55. 

    Gene Manfra

    March 1, 2013 at 20:08

    I taught drafting and architecture in public school for 30 years. All of my students learned to print in what would be known as an "Architectural" style lettering. Most of it was uppercase, common for architects and draftsman. Some also developed a very distinctive lowercase style, which allowed them to write (print) rather quickly. Many of those students went on to study architecture and work in the profession. Almost all of them use, and are proud of being able to write, in this very legible and distinctive style, for everyday correspondence. It does not preclude them from using cursive writing, but most find it is rarely needed, except for possibly a signature. All of this notwithstanding, I would certainly replace the time spent in school teaching cursive writing to learning to type. It has become almost a necessity for anyone using any device with a keyboard.
56. 

    John

    March 2, 2013 at 03:21

    This article led me to take a closer look at some of the handwritten documents I read every day in the course of my work as an historian. These items were written between 1750 and 1774. I examined three of these documents today. I compared each one to what I'll call "standard modern cursive" or "SMC", which is what I believe is described by the author of the article above. The most important characteristics of SMC appear to be first, that each letter is connected to the next (this is why our teachers insisted we put "tails" on single letters when we practiced writing individual letters-so that we cold then use the tail to "join" the next letter) and second, verticals are loops in cursive vice a single stroke in printing. The first document I examined was a four page letter written by a man from Schenectady, New York in December 1761 to several of his friends. The writer was a surveyor, businessman, and a local political leader. At first glance his handwriting appeared to be SMC, but close inspection revealed important differences. The initial letter of almost every word stood alone, unconnected to the second letter. The exceptions to this rule were when the final stroke ended in a natural "tail" ready to connect to the next letter. In some words the remaining letters were connected as in SMC, but in most words the remaining letters were organized in sub-groups of two or more letters each with a slight but discernible amount of extra space between subgroups. The letters within each sub-group were written cursively, but the entire word could not be said to have been written cursively. The break between subgroups appeared to be at points where the writer's technique ended a letter at a point on the paper where it would have been at inconvenient, inefficient, or simply ugly to have created a tail joined to the next letter. This 252 year-old handwriting looked very much like the mixture of printing and cursive that one sometimes finds today, and is similar to such digital fonts as Santa Fe LET. The second document I examined was also a letter. It was written on July 17, 1750 by a New York attorney to a colleague. The handwriting is almost perfect SMC. Rarely are any letters unconnected to the following letters. There are a few instances of the practice, however, and a few instances where the continuity of line is broken within a word but these are difficult to discern. They sometimes give the impression of the pen lifting smoothly off the paper just before starting the next letter, or they could result from the pen running out of ink. The handwriting is quite easy to read. Compared to the 1761 Schenectady document, the letters within words are grouped more tightly together and very evenly spaced. The lines of script flow evenly across the page and are parallel and evenly spaced vertically. Overall, the New York letter is much more "finely" written. I would not be surprised to learn that it had been written by the lawyer's clerk or by a scrivener. The fact that the elements that characterize the Schenectady letter are present in the New York letter, albeit as rare exceptions, suggests that the "Schenectady style" may have been the most common or widespread, while "better" handwriting aspired to be much closer to perfect SMC as we know it. Therefore, while there may have been a "standard" cursive in the 18th century, it appears that there were, in practice, variations that contained elements of both printing and cursive and yet were completely acceptable according to the standards of colonial society. Such variations still occur today and are perhaps evidence of writers modifying strict cursive to suit their own style of forming letters. I find it difficult to believe that children who show more mastery with computers than their parents find learning cursive confusing or hard. Instead I suggest that it is printed letters which are abnormal. Printing presses and moveable type require individual letters that are not connected to each other so that a piece of type can be used anywhere in a word. Our books and magazines have always been printed this way, for this reason and so when we teach children to read, we have to teach them how to read printing. Learning to write in printing surely assists in learning to read printing. But when we were taught to write "formally" we were taught cursive because that was how letters and other documents had always been written when written by hand. Today there are digital cursive fonts such as Snell Roundhand, so printed matter is no forced by technology to be written in printed characters. The question, then, is why NOT teach cursive? And why not produce printed matter in cursive as well?
57. 

    susan

    March 2, 2013 at 03:56

    ok, drop cursive--we have typewriters--and speech to text drop arithmetic-- we have calculators drop reading-- we have text to speech software. drop foreign languages--- we have google translate drop algebra, trig, calculus---we have mathematica. drop literature---who needs those silly stories. drop history---the past is dead. then, we can have time for sports. every parent's child will not have to struggle with brain work. and, after the next solar superflare---we will be back in the stone age.
58. 

    susan

    March 2, 2013 at 04:06

    drop all aesthetics: who needs to learn about Mozart or Bach? we have hip hop. don't teach drawing---we have photoshop. Michelangelo---how will that get my kid a business job? all of this is the inevitable effect of turning education into job training, and the inevitable cultural leveling dehumanization.
59. 

    Philip Ball

    March 2, 2013 at 20:20

    susan, I'm going to point out the obvious only because this confusion seems to crop up a lot in this debate, especially in the US. It is really very simple: a suggestion to stop making the teaching of cursive obligatory or standard is not the same as a suggestion to stop teaching handwriting. Most of the discussion above has been over the question of which should be the preferred handwriting style we teach our children. I would strongly oppose any suggestion that handwriting should not be taught at all. This unthinking equation of handwriting = cursive is a big part of the problem.
60. 

    Mateusz

    March 3, 2013 at 11:43

    I am a newly-qualified primary school teacher in England, and I want to add just a few points to this discussion. 1.) In the UK, most schools do not teach true cursive. They teach a hybrid "joined" style based on the Nelson Handwriting Scheme published by Nelson Thornes. Certain letters (b, g, j, p, q, x, y, z) are never joined in this style. 2.) Primary school teachers in the UK receive NO training at all in teaching handwriting. 3.) Primary school teachers have very little control over what is taught. This kind of thing is a whole-school decision taken by senior leadership. In most cases they just go with what they have always taught (generally, the Nelson scheme). 4.) Teaching and practising handwriting skills does make a real difference to children's writing. Even in primary school, children's writing development is certainly held back if they need to think about the formation of individual letters or are too slow. It's all about fluency. (And contrary to some comments above, we do expect children to be able to write at length in primary school.) 5.) It does not follow from (4) that children need to be taught a joined or cursive style. 6.) There are opportunity costs in teaching handwriting (or anything else). Every hour spent teaching and practising a particular style of handwriting is an hour that could be spent on other things, including developing reading, writing and maths skills, not to mention art, history, languages etc. The commenters above who argue we should devote extra time to teaching a particular, beautiful cursive style because of heritage or tradition would be the first to object to the cuts in time allocated to other subjects to fit in extra handwriting practice. My personal opinion? This is surely an empirical question. There must be some research somewhere showing what style of handwriting (or possibly, what approach to handwriting instruction), best enables children to write fluently, legibly and quickly, with minimal curriculum time.
61. 

    susan

    March 3, 2013 at 15:21

    most americans do not know that there are different styles. post 1950's, at least: our public schools ( translation: state schools) taught " commercial cursive" (mostly) calling it handwriting, or "cursive". our private schools taught "palmer method", calling it handwriting or "cursive" When i began teaching math at an elite private uni, my students response to my commercial cursive was to complain that my blackboard letters were unclear. I switched to italic---and, they then complained that i wrote like a martian. Finally, I used Palmer, and all was ok.
62. 

    susan

    March 3, 2013 at 15:44

    Philip, Here, in the USA, many school systems are dropping all but printing.
63. 

    Philip Ball

    March 3, 2013 at 18:23

    susan, Thanks, I kind of see what you mean, I think. Well, sort of: by "replace cursive with Spencerian", I think you don't mean "stop teaching cursive and teach Spencerian", but "use the term Spencerian instead of the more generic cursive"... In my book, handwriting means writing by hand, rather than, say, typing. So printing is handwriting. It sounds from what you say as though that is not always understood to be the case, but it would seem odd to me to restrict the term handwriting to a particular style of handwriting. Indeed,that's essentially prejudicing the discussion from the outset. My suspicion is that, if we are to teach a single writing style (as we should), an italic form might be the best compromise. But in my personal experience, print works fine: it will evolve into a form that suits (for speed etc) as handwriting matures, just as cursive becomes somewhat personalized over time (unless you're educated in France). Yes, I understand US schools are starting just to teach print. It'll be interesting to see how that evolves. My suspicion is that, so long as the requisite penmanship is well taught, along with other necessary literacy skills, there will be little difference. But it's troubling to hear that (presumably relatively advanced) students find it so hard to decode any script they have not been explicitly taught.
64. 

    susan

    March 4, 2013 at 02:03

    if americans were taught the terms: spencerian american cursive ; they would not conflate all non-printed handwriting into "cursive".
65. 

    susan

    March 4, 2013 at 02:03

    which we commonly do.
66. 

    susan

    March 4, 2013 at 02:11

    philip wrote: // n my book, handwriting means writing by hand, rather than, say, typing. So printing is handwriting. It sound-s from what you say as though that is not always understood to be the case, but it would seem odd to me to restrict the term handwriting to a particular style of handwriting. Indeed,that’s essentially prejudicing the discussion from the outset. // in fact, in my elementary education, i was actually taught that: handwriting is a synonym for cursive---and, that both meant: nonprinted writing. i suspect that's generic, here in the states. i belabored this, but i hope it clears away some confusion.
67. 

    chris

    March 4, 2013 at 02:14

    There's a very simple reason for learning cursive: speed. When my students are taking lecture notes inevitably the one's who know cursive are more accurate, thorough, and specific. And they don't interrupt and ask me to repeat because they couldn't get it down fast enough. And I'm talking college kids here. A second reason is the ability to read primary sources, e.g. letters, diaries, notes, manuscript edits etc. If you can't write it you probably can't read it.
68. 

    LeoL

    March 4, 2013 at 14:01

    Gosh, no wonder I've never really been drawn to 'Britain's Intelligent Conversation'. You all talk about such deep things, at such length. And there was me thinking the What was more important than the How...
69. 

    david woodward

    March 4, 2013 at 15:33

    The terminologgy here is so vague as to make sensible discussion impossible. There's a world of difference between an over-complicated and debased copperplate hand and a rational conceived italic like the one advocated by the famous Puffin Books manual in the 1970s. The one has its roots in deliberately written letters that are intended to impress through their showinness, the other in an efficient 15th century way of writing quickly and economically (italic).If children were taught a simple version of this from the start, there would be far fewer problems.
70. 

    HDoug

    March 5, 2013 at 02:53

    Almost forgot about this. This video can't be viewed outside the UK, but it's a great feature about how they teach kids handwriting in France. It's such a pleasure to communicate with others! I like the attitude here. http://www.teachersmedia.co.uk/videos/france-teaching-handwriting
71. 

    Deborah Hemstreet

    March 5, 2013 at 12:53

    I remember learning violin. I was good. And then I had to learn vibrato... and that is what stopped me from progressing. Though I never told anyone. I simply was terrified of learning vibrato. I wish I had not been and that I had kept up, but too late now. Perhaps part of the problem is the teaching methods? Perhaps part is our over-dependence on keyboards. I find I type far more than I write anymore. But when it comes to creative writing, nothing fits like hand writing.
72. 

    Angus Armour

    March 7, 2013 at 07:22

    Another perspective: how children are taught to write is physically quite different from Victorian technique, which involves a shoulder movement rather than wrist and finger - a bad form in Victorian schools, and difficult for children developing fine motor skills. Look at the picture accompanying this story: a tight hand grasping a pen. Now look at an instruction book from the 1800s and see a form where the pen is held with the same force as a chopstick (ie balanced between fingers not clutched). In that form, writing becomes an art, a craft or a skill to be developed.
73. 

    Gene Manfra

    March 7, 2013 at 19:47

    Since I posted some remarks on March 1, from my experiences as a teacher in an American public school, I have been following, with great interest, the various threads of this conversation on handwriting. The breath and depth of some of the postings is profound and proves that education is indeed a life-long process. It appears that discussions regarding the pros and cons of cursive handwriting will not run out of material for a long time, but perhaps an infusion of fuel from another source will prolong this worthwhile conversation. I suggest: "The Missing Ink: The Lost Art of Handwriting" by Philip Hensher, Published November 27, 2012.
74. 

    Nan Jay Barchowsky

    March 7, 2013 at 20:58

    Today I received an announcement/ad from Zaner/Bloser with a video. The first part of the video showed the personal impact of handwritten messages over printed ones. Then it showed several images of children writing—all with death grips on pencils. Attention goes to the value of this alphabet or that, but never to the means to achievement of fluency. Children come to school at very early ages. They are taught an alphabet. They are NOT taught how to write that alphabet for ease of writing. Look around at older persons. Most write with a relaxed hand. They may have started school when they were around 6 or 7. They probably had chores to do at home that strengthened their hands and developed fine motor muscles. They definitely did not use their thumbs to play electronic games. We must overcome this failure to teach a fluent skill. The answer is in pre-writing play, lots of it!
75. 

    Muggins

    March 8, 2013 at 16:07

    I counted the letters on the keyboard, and it's 26. That's all, but twice that (OMG) if you count capital lettters. I don't remember all that much class time being used to teach that. The underlying premise in this string is that it takes up too much class time, or the child only has a limited learning capacity, or that the kid could be damaged by being forced to draw shapes on the page.. ~wrong~ (My handwriting improved because of my tendency to run at the mouth. I forget how many times I had to write in cursive, "I will not talk in class. I will not talk in clase....", after school, while the teacher hastily graded quizes.) If you teach 2 styles of writing, the student then has a choice. If you teach one style, the student is stuck with whatever style the schoolboard chooses. But my intended point is, we're wasting the potential, that is to say, actually negatively affecting the lives of our children by fretting that they are working too hard. Why not teach them a 2nd language starting in the first grade. Why? We don't think the child has the capacity? Instead, we wait 'till they're in high school, and their brains are set, and their hormones raging.
76. 

    John

    March 9, 2013 at 03:27

    I know you say it's best not to look at the analogy too closely, but I do find it humorous that you chose the violin as an example, since two methods *are* taught to children. Did you know this and just feign ignorance, or is it truly an example of irony? Just as the child masters the "Suzuki" method, they are told they need to learn the 'adult' method which requires actually reading music. While I think I agree with you that it isn't important anymore to learn how to *write* cursive, I do think it is important to learn how to read it. Or these kids will be let loose into the business world, and receive a handwritten memo from a boss a generation or two years older, and be unable to read it. There's also the question of what they will do years hence when they find the letters written by their parents or grandparents in the attic. They'll probably cry and wish they had learned to read cursive, so they could read what their parents/grandparents wrote so many years ago.
77. 

    Peter Piper

    March 9, 2013 at 15:52

    Not a single mention of the problems created by writing with the non-adept hand. See Dr Johanna Barbara Sattler's work www.linkshaender-beratung.de/english/ConvertedBook.htm and my own at www.wrighthand.net
78. 

    Olivia

    March 10, 2013 at 20:10

    Personally, I think it depends upon the person - some people prefer cursive and others prefer print, as long as their handwriting is readable then it shouldn't be a problem. I think the way my first school dealt with the issue was quite good. We were first taught to write in print, and those who struggled with doing so were then given a different booklet which enabled them to learn to write in cursive; eventually, everyone had found their 'way' of writing and both print an cursive were taught in the same class. When learning to read, we were taught to read both cursive and print; consequently meaning that from a young age we were able to read both. My mother writes in print, it's not 'babyish' is many would say and is very neat, as well as being reable.
79. 

    Heidi Cole

    March 30, 2013 at 06:06

    I have 3 boys, the oldest 2 split the schools removal of cursive. My 12 year old son has excellent cursive, and his 11 year old brother was never taught. (they were also not taught to type there was not enough room on the computers due to a new math program so they got rid of the typing program.) Now I have a child in 6th grade who can not write, or type, and uses capitol B and D even in the middle of words because he can not tell the lower case apart in print. When he has to write anything it is a nightmare!!! I think the makers of Dragon (dictation software) are behind this. My 3 year and 2month old has mastered the print alphabet (upper and lower case, he can tell b and d apart). He can not attend Kinder for 2 more years, and you can bet that he will be able to write in cursive, and type by the time he gets there. I think that we under estimate what kids can do
80. 

    Bob Jones

    April 1, 2013 at 16:18

    I learned to write in a cursive style when I was in third grade (1956-57). Up to then, we all printed. I do not remember having any problems making the transition, other than the usual false starts that occur when learning something new. We did not call it cursive, either. We called it “real writing” as if printing was what you did until you learned to write the way words were supposed to be written. It was learning to do something adults did even though you were eight years old (see “baby writing” in the article). There was a sense of pride in being able to do it. Not everybody developed a good hand, but then not everyone was a good reader, or good at math, or good at playground games, either. What I feel learning cursive did then was teach me fine motor skills, which children lack today, and about an artfully drawn line. Today, I write drafts of articles and the few books I have published in cursive, because the ideas flow out of my mind through my hand more freely than when I type. Since printing does not have a flow, but stops at every letter, I have no desire to even try that experiment. A few commenters have mentioned about being able to read cursive as creating a link to the past, connecting ourselves with the people who lived in an earlier time, or even Grandma’s birthday cards today. This is more important than we might imagine. What we don’t want to create is a society where we always have to be keeping up with the new, and the old becomes valueless the instant it is replace by the latest upgrade. Handwriting 3.0. That might be fine for cell phones and smart phones and iPhones, but those are gadgets. When we can read cursive we can connect with the people who created our past and always be able to. Even though that might sound like a good idea, you might think, is it that important to spend valuable classroom time over? It was in 1956. We spent time on it, and still have time to pursue our other academic subjects. I don’t think that when we emerged from eighth grade we were any less educated than eighth-graders are now. It’s just that we didn’t have assessment tests that dominated our learning, which is another subject and not a pretty one.
81. 

    Tony Knox

    April 8, 2013 at 10:42

    I'm learning Arabic at the moment (at the age of 62). There is a similar distinction in Arabic: printed texts are written in naskh, and this is what students start writing. But handwriting is done in a quite different script, with quite different rules - ruq'a - which is more flowing and very fast to write (almost closer to shorthand than to European cursive). Like most students, and most children, I began by learning to write naskh but am now shifting to ruq'a. For me, it's not such a big deal.
82. 

    Poorvaj

    April 16, 2013 at 16:10

    I cannot comprehend why there is such a big brouhaha over something as inconsequential as cursive handwriting. While this article really intrigued me as i read, it also prodded me to wonder why anyone would give cursive writing such a ponderous view, and more than that, question its existence. We, our parents, our grandparents, and beyond them, have all grown up around letters and the general art of writing. Of course, better things have been introduced in the course of literacy and the whole arena of pedagogy, and better techniques of teaching and learning have made their way into the educational world. But have things come to that point where you teach your 3 year old to depend on the digital alphabet so much so, that when at the age of 10, he needs to write on a piece of paper, at a certain occasion, he scribbles "baby writing", creating doodles on paper? This is just a step towards making our generation wholly dependent on technology, just because we will eventually end up punching in the keys on the beyond ubiquitous computer keyboard. Also, it is a fact affirmed by evolution, that living beings evolve as generations pass by, and develop better, more positive characteristics; the theory of selectivity. At the age of our children, we sure weren't as forward and quicker with our brains as our children are right now; shouldn't they, by this theory, find it a lot easier to overcome the "curse" of the cursive than we ever could? So if we begin to make excuses just to mitigate their struggle, thinking there are better things to learn, it's time to take a step back. Moreover, i'm bemused that the writer has never experienced and relished the beauty of cursive writing, and yet proposes to reject the very idea. There is no beauty comparable with the light emanating from a handwritten word. Why do you think handwriting/cursive fonts are still a favorite among typographers and graphic designers? Cursive is not only taught to embrace by habit, the speed of writing; it is also an art and a form of self expression. No, cursive is not overrated; there are (and there have been) a huge number of children out there who live with a handwriting that is beyond atrocious, and are still the brightest and smartest of kids around. Whereas, there are others with a hand skilled beyond perfection in cursive, but aren't exactly the teacher's pet for the paucity of scholarly intelligence. But who knows, the latter could include the modern Max Miedinger or Khurshid Gohar. There are some fundamentals of education that, if remain intact, add to the beauty and elegance of education and it would be nice to let them stay as long as they can.
83. 

    Paul

    April 24, 2013 at 00:40

    I too heartily recommend the Getty-Dubay writing system. Their system teaches its students one manuscript/'printing' form of italic writing, and then teaches how to join those same letter shapes into a cursive italic form. The cursive follows-on from the manuscript, and does NOT therefore require the child/learner to have to 'unlearn' everything that they already know. I recently managed to find a copy of their book 'Write Now' (which is out of print), and that shows how to progress the cursive italic into a cursive italic done with an edged pen - a kind of simple calligraphy. Legible quick handwriting is a basic tool for communication, and equips its learner with a future-proof means of encoding, storing, and communicating information that does NOT require batteries, mains electricity, or obsolete digital storage media in order to decode/retrieve the information.
84. 

    Max

    May 4, 2013 at 00:50

    Anything too hard for an American is un-American. Therefore to make public education totally American, we have applied our national genius--dumbing down--to our own children's education. As a result, when compared with children of other leading industrialized nations children in America--supposedly the world's leading nation--score a lot lower in basic skills than most of those other nations' children. Ours score lower than children in China, whose nation is not yet fully modern or industrialized. China's current trajectory gives us a lot to think about. So rather than teach basics in year-one, we pass children unable to read, write, or count into the next year and on up the line. Our idealized solution--ensure that all get at least two years' college. Only, rather than advancing young Americans, those two years will be remedial ones, when they must learn what the prior 12 years did not teach them. Twelve years are a lot!
85. 

    Camille

    May 22, 2013 at 15:31

    I must first say that I enjoyed reading this post today. I do have to ask you to think about this a little more. When we have music instruction, there are different schools of thought as well. To play by ear, to learn to read music, or both. If you are a parent, you may want your child to learn both, that way they get every advantage. Teaching both cursive and printing is our responsibility. It is our responsibility as citizens of America and the world. We should teach both to give our children every tool they could possibly need to have, as the rulers of tomorrow. Every citizen should be able to read the newspaper and the Constitution. To keep things in perspective, it takes about 15 minutes a day to practice cursive writing, or print for that matter. You mentioned barbarism. Do you remember back in time when the Barbarians invaded the Roman Empire? The Barbarians destroyed all the books in the libraries. Not only that, but they had no interest in reading or writing because they were barbarians! The barbarians did not know how to write, and the Roman citizens that were conquered soon forgot that they had ever known, for they no longer had educated Greek slaves to teach the art to them. Except in a few places where the Church remained at work, writing became a lost art. (The Old-World Beginnings of America By Mary G. Kelty) History has already proven that writing can become lost art. It is our absolute duty to teach the basics to our most beloved children, our leaders and thinkers of tomorrow.
86. 

    Adriane Baldwin

    June 6, 2013 at 14:52

    My son learned print in prek and K. He began cursive in 1st grade. He is now 8 yrs old in 3rd grade with beautiful cursive. He has excellent spelling, excels in reading at "modern" high school level, doesn't write his letters backwards. My son is not a genius just an average child. He is taught to read using rich literature literature that does dumb down large vocabulary words. Yes times are changing, but it is our younger generation that will effect those "changes" in the future. We want to move forward, yet let's not drop the richness of the American culture as well. Reading and writing and communication skills have become so standardized. I believe children can learn about modern technology while being well educated in true modern reading and writing from the past great minds. I don't believe my children will suffer from learning cursive. They have many many years to learn print (which is easier to learn after learning cursive, rather than the other way around). Cursive is artistic as well, so yes, I believe when a child or adult writes in cursive, they are using the creative side of their brain. There's a lot more to the world we live in than technology. My kids also find technology interesting and figured out how the computer worked at a young age of 4. This comes natural. They also are taught about modern technology in the world they live in today. Cursive and learning how to read (and understand, no dumbing it down) rich literature makes for well educated minds of the future, that are even more capable at excelling in all they do, including science and technology.
87. 

    Natalie

    June 25, 2013 at 04:31

    I didn't even finish reading it, maybe it got positive to the side of the fact that cursive writing is like brain massage. Once you learn the letter, can write Manuscript it just seems to me that the association of letters from manuscript to cursive is not that great of a feat if one begins to playfully connect the manuscript letters together. I just think it is an art, not only an art but an excellent trainer in focus. And how wonderful it is to get a handwritten letter in the mail these days, be it manuscript or cursive... Who knows maybe manuscript is male and cursive is female...ooooh what if females only learned cursive and males only learned manuscript...who could then decipher better? Blah blah blah...I did enjoy the writing, I just was jumping in and out....gonna get back to drawing.... :) peace out!
88. 

    JuuRokuChan

    June 29, 2013 at 00:13

    I say teach it all. Print, cursive, and typing. I learned print in Kindergarten, cursive in 2nd grade, and typing (for me) also started in 2nd grade. I didn't find it extremely difficult. In fact, because I learned cursive, I now have very fast, legible handwriting that's a combination of print and cursive. Also, because I learned typing early, I don't have to look at the keyboard anymore to type, which quite a few of my peers do. (I'm going into 9th grade.) I think if the grade level is right, then teach all of it. It's not going to kill you. I also agree with rationalbloke up there, if you look at other languages, ours is pretty easy to write. (Japanese--omg.) I don't think we should make a big deal out of it. Handwriting could be taken as an elective, like someone up there ^^^ said, and calligraphy could be taught in that class as well. (Although, I don't think many people would take the class...) I also saw a post from someone that said we use cursive to teach fine motor skills... that's a very good point! Anyway... as I was scrolling... and scrolling... and scrolling (lol) through ALL the comments, I came to realize one thing: We're actually having this debate. If you think about it, it's kind of funny. All these different views just for one little part of the school curriculum. It's interesting. :D Thank you, Mr. Phillip Ball, for writing this article, because now I got to see how many different ways this could be interpreted. I got a good laugh.
89. 

    Al_de_Baran

    July 12, 2013 at 14:55

    Update: For arguments and references to recent brain research that completely blow this silly article out of the water, go here: http://davidsortino.blogs.pressdemocrat.com/10221/brain-research-and-cursive-writing/.
90. 

    Kate Gladstone

    July 12, 2013 at 15:06

    To "Al_de_Baran" — When David Sortino's essay (that you cite) originally appeared, I asked both Reza Shadmehr and Henry Holcomb (the researchers whom Sortino cites) whether Sortino's essay had correctly summarized their work. Both Shadmehr and Holcomb informed me that Sortino's essay seriously misrepresents their work. Further, both Shadmehr and Holcomb showed me their research, and showed me precisely where he'd been misquoting each of them. (For one thing, their research did not involve cursive handwriting, and therefore did not involve measuring any results of cursive handwriting lessons.) I contacted David Sortino about this, of course; so did Shadmehr and Holcomb. Sortino did not respond to any of us. However, I later heard from an admirer of Sortino's that the admirer considered it wrong of Shadmehr, Holcomb, or me to note that misrepresentations had been made. "The fact that I agree it's a misrepresentation," he said, "cannot be relevant, when the misrepresentation is done with the intent of supporting cursive. Things that would be self-evidently incorrect to do in support of other goals are self-evidently correct when the goal is the support of cursive." What are your thoughts about that position — or about the decision taken by Sortino, in the first place, to misrepresent research?
91. 

    Carlos

    August 15, 2013 at 01:08

    I believe cursive and print both still have places in education for a few reasons: 1. Teaching both methods allows differently inclined/skilled students to choose the method that works for them most effectively. For some that may be print and others cursive. It's similar to allowing left-hand people to write left-handed instead of forcing them to write right-handed as was practiced for a long time. Everyone has their preference that allows them to learn most effectively, so why deprive them of that ability? Personally, if I were forced to continue writing in print, my intelligence would be judged as lacking because I have terrible print. But the connected, italic cursive allowed me to write closer to the norm quickly and easily. 2. To reiterate the point of an above supporter of cursive: because everyone, or the majority of people, do it. A lot of people write in cursive. Don't get me wrong, in many areas of life conformity is a terrible idea. However, in language conformity is very important. It allows you to communicate effectively, understand others, and be understood in return. So, teaching this skills of communication that are so close, but still have many differences is very important. 3. Finally, not all people write print letters the same. Some might write very straight letters like the ones you're reading right. Others might write more italically. Usually, these are regional differences. So, coming from the US, my print handwriting(even at its best) would look different from yours. For example, some's itallic print(their standard) would contain 1s that would look really close to 7s. So, introducing different styles at an early age can aide them when they encounter something written in another style later in life, even if it's still in the same language. This last reason is somewhat analogous to the studies done on children who learn one or more language(s). Those who learned more language were able to differentiate very minute changes in cues in different languages even they didn't know the meaning of what was being said. Meaning, the were able to notice the difference in the sounds where other subjects couldn't. As there is so much variation between and within different languages, I strongly believe that we would be doing children a huge disservice if we didn't prepare them as much as we could to face diversity in more globalized economy and society.
92. 

    Carlos

    August 15, 2013 at 01:21

    One more point, I like many others here think that more schools should teach typing. However, I don't think that it should come at the expense of teaching handwriting. As hard as it may be for many of you to believe, a lot of people in the world still don't own computers or aren't computer efficient. These people could be the elderly, the poor, and people from "developing" and "third world" countries. So, handwriting is still a very important skill in today's world. My typing is bad even though I had "computer classes" scheduled throughout a lot of my education. For the majority of my schooling the class didn't have much typing instruction or it education at all. We'd spend five minutes of typing instruction on the first class and then the teacher would just give up and say 'ok, time to play computer games and not ask questions." I honestly think that the purpose of that class was for the school to keeping an unqualified IT profession ready on staff even when the computers were running properly. Just in case of emergency. It wasn't until I was 13 that I learned anything relevant about typing, coding, or maintaining computer hardware. So, adding tome for computer classes doesn't automatically mean more effective students if the teachers aren't trained right. Moreover, I regret not learning type earlier and more effectively than I regret learning cursive. That's because I use both skills consistently everyday. On a side note, when I use a computer to take notes in class rather than the old fashioned pen and paper, I have a lot more distraction and temptation to slack off from studying. That lack of discipline isn't something that I'm proud of; but I'm sure I'm not alone in that regard.
93. 

    Dimitry V.

    August 22, 2013 at 16:13

    Greetings, I would like to voice my opinion on the matter. I write in cursive all the time, every day. I was taught to write in cursive and told that it is superior to print because it allows you to write faster yet remain more legible (something that I strongly agree with). Now, that being said, I am not really your "average, everyday handwriter". You see, despite being in my mid-20's, I am an avid fountain pen (and other stationery) collector, I actually practice my penmanship on a regular basis and I write exclusively with my favorite fountain pens. I attended a french school in my teenage years. Fountain pens were compulsory, as was legible handwriting and over-all neatness of your written work. A lot of my class mates hated the fact that we had to be so perfect in our penmanship but not me. I actually was quite fond of taking my time to produce a true piece of written art. Little did I know, it was the beginning of my fascination with writing paraphernalia. I suppose by now anyone reading this has realized that I love cursive and will defend it 'till my last breath. I truly believe that this whole "cursive is a curse" drama stems from people that are simply unable to produce a good cursive script and are therefore jealous and/or upset by that (for some unkown reason). The sad truth about cursive writing is that in order to have a legitimately good, legible hand you need to start young, practice diligently and have somewhat good hand-eye coordination. I have been working on my hand for years and only recently have I begun getting compliments. Note that once people start complimenting you on your cursive, it spurps you to improve it as much as you can and once you do, the amount of compliments is staggering. People sometimes tell me that having a perfect cursive "takes away the personality in your hand" but that couldn't be further from the truth. In reality, as you develop and practice your cursive, you iron-in certain characteristics that in the end make your hand very much your own. Moreover, in the last year or so, I have yet to find someone that did not recognize my cursive (people that know my hand to start of with, of course). Anyhow, I seem to have gotten carried away in my "cursive defensive". In conclusion, I'd like to stress that in my opinion, cursive is an art and like most other arts some people will be able to produce it and enjoy it and other people will simlpy never be able to. Kind regards, Dimitry
94. 

    Kate Gladstone

    August 22, 2013 at 19:02

    Because I teach handwriting (and teach the semi-joined italic, rather than conventional cursive) often I receive letters — many are handwritten — informing me that I ought to prefer cursive because (the letters inform me) writing in cursive will enable one to spell correctly, or will encourage one to do so, or will cause one to do so: any logic behind the claims is never made clear. I've noted, more than once, that many of the letters which most passionately defend that claim — including more than half of the handwritten letters on the subject (which, predictably, are all in cursive) are quite poorly spelled. Querying the writers on this matter results — always, so far — either in silence or in further angry letters. (The argument of these is summarizable as: "My poor spelling doesn't affect the argument, because cursive produces good spelling.")
95. 

    Kate Gladstone

    December 12, 2013 at 17:19

    It is ridiculous (and to the point of sheer odiousness) that so many supporters of cursive write as if they supposed that the only fluent which exists anywhere (or which has ever existed) is cursive as it is conventionally taught — embellished, looped, remote from printed letters in structure and appearance, and —above all — relentlessly joined (even when the join required is actually more error-prone and less rapid than a simple, quick lift of the pen: examples of error-prone requirements in conventional cursive are the joins in letter-combinations such as "gh" and "sc"). What is just as bad is the double-dealing which certain advocates of such cursive (here in the USA, at any rate) employ when they speak on that subject to decision-makers (legislators, school administrators, or teachers). The cursive they exalt (and work hard to see mandated) is the present-day kind with relentless joins, with letter-shapes remote from printing, and so on. This is the only writing they identify as cursive — yet when they want to defend such writing and have it mandated, they often assert: "Cursive as we know it today — the total joining, the loops, the shapes that we cursivists hold dear —has been around for at least five hundred years in its present form: it has always been our civilization's handwriting, certainly since the first textbooks on how to write were printed, half a millennium ago." The cursivist will variously credit his or her cherished handwriting (loops, total joins, and all) to the Renaissance, to the Middle Ages, or to ancient times. Whatever the era invoked, the only problem with the assertion is that it is false — as long as the word "cursive" means what the cursive-exalters themselves tell you that it means. Saying that the completely joined handwriting of our childhoods has been our handwriting for five hundred years is like saying that telephones and keyboards must have been in existence equally long because there were people speaking and writing at that time. When an exalter of cursive invokes the Renaissance, ask that person: "Would you regard as cursive a handwriting which often did not join all of the letters in a word? Particularly if those letters were often printed in form? Would that fulfill the cursive mandate you are fighting for?" The cursive exalter — in my experience — always says: "No, that is not cursive at all. Supporters of cursive oppose such writing." Then remind him or her: "The handwriting that I have just described is the standard handwriting of the Renaissance. Renaissance handwriting models, and the individual handwritings formed on these, were semi-joined, with decidedly print-like letters throughout. The handwriting that you prefer instead — with total joining, and so on — did not begin to arise till much later, in the Baroque era. Either 'cursive, does not mean what you are telling us it means, or you are being intentionally inaccurate by making 'cursive' mean one thing when you want to get people writing your way, and another thing entirely when you hare invoking the Renaissance." In such discussions, it is helpful to show some examples, from textbooks and writing of the era. There are quite a few of these http://www.italic-handwriting.org . One can even download a handwriting textbook of the Renaissance — the first handwriting textbook ever published in our alphabet "La Operina" of 1522. This is downloadable at http://www.briem.net . What happens when one shows, and tells, this sort of thing to a cursivist who has just imprudently invoked the Renaissance in defense of total joining? Very often, the response is: "It doesn't matter whether my statements are accurate or not, because my statements are necessary in order to support cursive. It is so important to support cursive — so obviously the good, true and proper thing to do — that any statement made in defense of cursive is self-evidently good, true, and proper if the result is to increase people's faith in cursive." I do not understand how that position is considered defensible, let alone why it is expressed without shame by so many of the people who say that it is theirs. Perhaps someone here can help me understand that.
96. 

    w tym

    December 16, 2013 at 09:18

    Chemia sprawdzian do pobrania gimnazjum
97. 

    Daniel Stern

    December 17, 2013 at 14:27

    OP, why teach our kids to read or write at all? All the warnings and labels down at the smelting plant have pictures. And why teach math? You don't need math to flip a patty.
98. 

    Bob

    February 4, 2014 at 17:50

    The author needs to cite the sources for the "research" to which he glibly refers.
99. 

    loren

    May 12, 2014 at 05:01

    Great topic which I never considered but should have as an engineer. I had always assumed cursive was taught for speed of writing and still have the vague impression that it is slightly faster for taking notes. However I never saw a "study" proving speed improvement. Many of the arguments above seem to center around "it's dumbing down to drop cursive." Exactly the opposite is true when you consider the replacement courses. It made me realize that the teaching of cursive is apparently an inefficient relic. Children would almost certainly be much better served in speed by learning shorthand and much better served in aesthetics by practicing art. Most of all, it is appalling that in the computer age, so few learn to type properly/quickly yet everyone wastes so much time learning cursive. This article really opened my eyes by making me think about the topic for the first time.
100. 

     Kate Gladstone

     May 13, 2014 at 08:18

     Since it is common for defenders of cursive to state that "it is important because it is an art," I've been wondering why the defenders of cursive (when they are in the legislatures — here in the USA, at any rate) are usually the same people who urge (and vote for) the discontinuance of school art programs. Might their claim that "cursive = art" serve them as a means to discontinue *actual* art?